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A little demonstration of how comics work

The New Indian Express publishes comic strips done by Indians in its Saturday supplement ‘Zeitgeist’. A few of my one-page comics have also been published. In today’s edition (26 June, 2010), 5 strips have been published. On reading them, I realized that one could use these 5 to see how comics work. It just seemed to me to be an ideal bunch of examples to talk about. Of course, I too am a novice and many of my own comics can be critiqued in the same way that I am doing here. But then again, we are all learners here, and I think mutual criticism of each other’s works (something so lacking in India!) is a healthy practice for overall improvement. So anyway, here is the page as it appeared–>

In the first one, by Gokul, a 3 panel strip, we have the traditional ‘beginning-middle-end’ or ‘action-reaction-resolution’ structure. A theme is set up in the first panel. In the second is the elaboration of the theme, and in the third, a closure is brought about. This is a structure that one might call ‘classical’ in the sense that its formal triad refers to countless other comic strips of the past as well as the traditional narrative structure itself. Arun’s 3-panel strip is similar to Gokul’s in form. However, there is a crucial difference, and this is the point I want to talk about– in Arun’s strip, the text works independently of the drawings. If you read the strip without the drawings, it would still make perfect sense. In fact, he could have used the same image in all the 3 panels and still it wouldn’t have made any difference, like in Jaya’s strip, which is essentially made out of the same drawing repeated 4 times. Her strip could have been a 3 panel strip in the manner of Gokul’s had the angles or character been changed. For example, in the last panel, if we had a different angle or a different character speaking, the impact would have been greater. The middle 2 panels could be combined into 1 panel, and we have the classic 3 panel comic strip. Considering the relationship between text and drawing, here too the text works independently, as reading the dialogues alone without the drawings, it still makes sense. The expression on the character’s face varies so slightly that it adds little to the text, which has emotion embedded in it already (for example the ‘MORE, MORE, MORE…’ dialogue). Gautama’s strip is the best example of what I’m talking about. Here the drawing is not required at all! The drawings work as illustrations to a text narrative. In its 4 panel structure however, it follows another very classical model that is used prominently in Japanese ‘yon-koma’ (4-panel) manga. Japanese comic strips are traditionally in 4 panels arranged vertically. The narrative proceeds like this– 1:Theme-2:elaboration-3:change of scene- 4:conclusion, which is how Gautama’s strip works. But as I said, the drawings have no function other than illustrating the text. Kanchi’s strip is a one-page comic. However, colour lines are of no use in adding any narrative information. The comic would be exactly the same if printed in b&w (which is how it appears in the printed newspaper). Kanchi’s strip works better because the dialogue interacts with the drawing and calls attention to it. Without the drawing, we wouldn’t know how the character looked. Here is a good example of how drawing and text are dependent on each other to make a comic work. Gokul’s strip also work likewise– the dialogues call attention to the drawing. The character says ‘Hey Look! Rain Cloud!’ and the reader has to also look at the drawing of the cloud. Without the drawing, the text would make no sense.

In conclusion, Gokul’s and Kancha’s strips demonstrate how comic drawing works in comics. In the other 3 strips, the drawings work as backup illustrations to the text dialogues. In written language, text can work as ‘journalistic report’ as well as ‘literature’ or ‘poetry’. In the same way, drawings in comics can work as basic ‘illustration’ (which is how many comics work) but also as ‘literature’ or ‘poetry’ in the sense that they can carry ideas that the text on its own cannot convey. In comics, the dialogues themselves are in fact ‘visuals’ as they are the visual expression of the spoken word. In comics, lines must do the talking rather than only the text. This is what I think comics are all about. But this doesn’t mean that drawings working as illustrations are bad comics. Rather I simply want to make the point that there are ways to make comics drawing do more things than only illustration of text, and this is a very simple example showing the difference in two types of comics drawing– one which contains narrative functions on its own, and one which works as elaboration of the text. If comics claim status as literature (‘graphic novel’ and all that), then they have to prove themselves capable of it. Merely tackling complex ‘literary’ themes is not enough. They have to actually work as literature. Few comics can claim that, and we need many more…!

Below is the same comics page without the drawings. See for yourself which strips need drawings to work more than others.

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A mini ‘tour de comics’.

Here is Shirish Deshpande’s little pitch on how to create comics.

A Mini Tour de Comics

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A Survey of Indian comics- first published in Marg magazine, Dec.2009. Updated version here.

An Art Without a Tradition- A Survey of Indian Comics- 2008

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Ceto’s Comix.India Cavalcade 2

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FLOGGING A DEAD HORSE WITH ITS COCK – JOIN IN!!!

Well that image from Crossed #4 is never leaving my head!! ‘Horse Cock’… Crossed #8 is out and the story ends with #9. Another great milestone in comic history by Garth Ennis and Jacen Burrows.

Walking Dead #68 has Rick and his new family reaching a settlement in D.C and I’m glad I’ve been here for the monthly ride with the last 54 issues (I started reading WD with #14, thanks Babs!).

I started reading The Last Resort with #5, It’s a five issue zombie-fest in the Day of the Dead remake vein – There’s plenty of action with decent characterisation in this book, backtrack and read the other issues.. It’s written by Palmiotti and Gray (Jonah Hex).

Faith Erin Hicks had a hilarious comic ‘Zombie Calling’ released in 2007 from SLG – tongue in cheek with the rules of zombie movies explained thoroughly.. What are the rules for zombie comics though?

There are a lot of zombie comics out every month. If you’re looking for sub-text related to global warming, modern consumerism, sexual mores – well it’s not there, at least not intentionally so. For most of the zombie-comics out there, there’s a scare way better than the movie you’re watching now on TV (with less camp too). In the best of them is a relentless feeling of terror and helplessness buoying you along with few moments of relief. You never know what’s going to come at you next month!

Oh and I just watched Zombieland!!! Rule No. 1: Cardio

GREAT COMIC EPICS #1 – DEAD WORLD!

The Dead World series is a zombie epic in which a supernatural plague turns the earth into a land of the undead. Vince Locke (Sandman, History of Violence) drew it for the most part and co-wrote it with Gary Reed and Stuart Kerr. Dead World departs from previous zombie lore – It features a more intelligent band of zombies who have come through the gateway and are intent on conquest of a new land. One might mistake it for an allegory of the invasion of the Americas, but it’s more than that – elegiac at times, otherwise gut wrenching it tells a myriad of stories about humans intent on survival and those who have given into despair. Dead World was a popular underground comic in the U.S during the 80s and early 90s and has seen a revival with a new mini-series out last October from Desperado comics.

No more zombies, I promise.

WHERE HAVE ALL THE PLANTATIONS GONE?

A couple of years ago, noted psychogeographist and novelist Rohit Gupta (DJ Fadereu) made some prophetic remarks about Virgin Comics in an interview by an English broadsheet – the interview ran in a condensed form and was considerably tame unless you compared it with the full text of the same that he posted on thecomicsclub yahoogroup.

Virgin’s long gone. Liquid Comics is in it’s place. I don’t know any other company presently which has Virgin’s approach to producing comics in India.

But there’s so much fun on the horizon!! – Refer to next part of ‘THE STATE OF INDIAN COMICS in this column…

WIZZYWIG

Ed Piskor’s terrific series WIZZYWIG is about a hacker Kevin Phenicle Jr. aka Boingthump. Kevin’s character is an amalgam of Kevin Mitnick and Kevin Poulsen, two brilliant hackers/crackers while other elements of the story draw from Ed’s own life. WIZZYWIG volume 3 is out this month and you can check it out at www.edpiskor.com.

THEIR OLD TIME SUPERHEROES!

“They can’t play with our history”
I’m wary all of a sudden. I’m unsure how to deal with fanatics on the stock market, 20th and 21st century financial instruments, cars, motorcycles, mobiles, dead (and living) celebrities, dieting and Indian myths….

He ranted on about how the Virgin Comics ‘Ramayana’ was wrong and Rama did not eat ‘meat’ (he confused ‘mead’, a fermented drink made of honey with ‘meat’) and —–

I tuned off.

For everyone who comes to me and tells me “The Ramayana and Mahabharat are factual accounts of Ancient India”. I offer them this.

‘Beowulf’, was found in the possession of an English scholar in the 16th century AD. It is believed to date back to somewhere between the 8th to the 10th century and to be English in origin though its main subject is Scandanavian. Whether Beowulf was a epic with fictitious elements composed in memory and tribute to an actual king or a complete work of fiction is still the subject of debate. Excavations of a mound in Uppsala, Sweden confirm elements of the social culture related in ‘Beowulf’.

Gilgamesh, the fifth king of the Uruk dynasty of Sumeria was the subject of another epic. While he is considered a historical figure, the stories ascribe divinity to him that is not possible but likely to be the result of a cult-following, several successive rewrites of the epic and an accretion of stories from other cultures that are erroneously attributed towards him.

And so on.. I can imagine someone excavating a set of Marvel Masterworks: Spiderman and Gwen Stacy becomes the Madonna of that tribe.

The fact I know enough of Spider-lore to write this just blows me.

50 CENTURIES RIP-OFF

I know for a fact that almost every single person I have interacted with who wanted to create a comic book in India has wanted to do THEIR VERSION of the Mahabharat and the Ramayana. Of all these attempts, a large chunk of them wanted to do the story of Karna. Hanuman and Abhimanyu are other favourites. I’m as guilty as any of them.

I write this as I finished reading Goscinny and Morris’s Lucky Luke – Ghost Town, and wonder how many centuries will pass before Luke joins a Eurasian pantheon of Gods that includes Asterix, Babar l’Oliphant, Chacha Chaudari, Doraemon — Will my great grandson thirty six times removed spend the 60th and 61st century creating his own renditions of these saints!! or will he spend his time writing something ORIGINAL!!

WHO WROTE THIS? WHO DREW THAT? THANK YOU!

Cartoons have their credits in the beginning, so over time you start to associate and recall the creator’s name – Genndy Tartakovsky (Dexter’s Lab, Samurai Jack), Friz Freleng (The Looney Tunes, Pink Panther), Seth MacFarlane (Family Guy, American Dad), Matt Groening (The Simpsons, Futurama).With most comics from the U.S, Canada, South America, Japan and continental Europe, the creator is at the forefront or at the least the credit is given at the outset – even in company owned comics. There are comics that are otherwise – case in point, I’ve never been able to recall a single artist or writer for any story from Amar Chitra Katha although I can recognise the different illustration styles. The same goes for Commando comics, issues of Indrajal which featured characters like Buzz Sawyer, Mike Nomad, Rip Kirby and the Phantom.

I looked all over a comic book ‘Supa Tigers’ that I found as an insert in the Times Of India broadsheet, but there wasn’t any credits with the creators of the comics – There was a mention of the editor, one Loveleen Dua and the name of the marketing head (which I’ve forgotten)…

It is not very encouraging to say the least….

But to whomsoever drew these books, Supa Tigers, it was really well done.

THE STATE OF INDIAN COMICS – THE REVOLUTION WILL BE SELF-PUBLISHED?

Right now Comix-India is engaged in a brilliant experiment. It’s one of 2 attempts I know of currently by comic creators (CCs) to put out an anthology of work by CCs from India- COMIX.INDIA and Project C by Rimi C at Jadavpur University

I offer this – First print it out.

Here is an exercise you might try out -
a) Take your own comic to a printer and do a costing of the same. Find out how the printer will print the book – options for page size and paper thickness, colour separation, block vs digital printing, binding etc.
b) Take a package of comics; a hardcover, a 32 page single, a soft cover trade and go to a printer and ask him to give you a costing for 100, 500, 1000, 5000, 10,000 and 50,000 copies of printing a similar type of book. The answers will surprise you.

Then do whatever it takes to get your comic out to as many readers as possible.

I recently met a book store owner in Bandra who helped a comic publisher produce and market their flagship comic book series. He had some brilliant ideas, some of which he managed to execute in full but for most of them, the publisher turned them down. But the experience for him was a unique one and I think it’s worth sharing with the rest of you. So for my next column, I will be including an interview with him.

NEXT – TO MARKET, TO MARKET! TO SELL MY FAT PIG!!

THE PICKS OF THE SCANSHEAVEN

Albatross Exploding Funny Books
Chimichanga #1 – Eric Powell’s a complete trip. I pick up anything of his I can get and will steal them from friend’s collections. For those of you interested in bearded girls and women, you can also check out Linda Medley’s Castle Waiting v1 the Hardcover.

Boom
Dingo #2
Ok.. Weird, trippy, no explanations on some of the obscure mythological references in it and a large black dog called Ceberus, Dingo has the makings of a great thriller. What’s in the box???
Anchor #3 – Another round of cannon fire from Phil Hester. The man is a veritable institution for his writing.

Dark Horse
Hellboy: Bride of Hell (one shot) – Another great duet by Mignola and Corben after the Makoma and the Crooked Man stories. There’s a little extract from Guy Davis’s new graphic novel The Marquis: Inferno at the end of the book.

DDP
Hack and Slash #28 – “Err I don’t know who to call. Fish People have overrun my town and my girlfriend has gills errr… for boobs” – another hilarious issue from Tim Seeley!

IDW
The Last Resort #4 and #5 – Palmiotti and Grey write this zombie horror romp. I got into it late with issue 4, just finished #5 – seems interesting enough to look for the last 3 issues though.
Locke and Key: Crown of Shadows #2 – It doesn’t get sweeter than this series. Joe Hill and Gabriel Rodriguez put out one of the best comics ever.

Marvel
Kick-Ass #7 – Mark Millar and John Romita’s ode to every comicbook fan who wanted to be a superhero. There’s just one more to go till the end.

Vertigo
Daytripper #1 – Gabriel Ba and Fabio Moon write this absolutely exquisite series about Bras De Olivia Domingos, an obituary writer. I’d like to point how incredibly inclusive Vertigo has become, embracing multiple-genres and a ‘laisse tomber ou il veut’ editorial attitude in almost all its books. It’s a joy to give them my money.

MANGA PICKS – RECENT SCANLATIONS I’ve READ
1) Ciguatera (Mangascreener)
2) Noramimi (Mangascreener)
3) Yotsuba!!
4) Kiichi!! (Kotonoha Monkey-Pirate)
5) Ressentiment (Kotonoha Monkey-Pirate)

MANGA SCANLATIONS I’M WAITING ON!
1) Drifting Classroom v04 onwards – Waiting on Omanga to finish the next 8 volumes of this classic!
2) Happy! v11 onwards – Hugely prolific __________ and this is one of his least know but equally diverting series!! I love the premise!
3) Kiichi v2 onwards – Willful, completely unabashed and absolutely gripping – Kotonoha-Monkey Pirate should finish this off before anything else.

SATOSHI KON’S KAIKISEN – RETURN TO THE SEA!!

The first time I met Jo (Jo John, more on him in later columns), he asked me if I knew about Satoshi Kon. And I jumped!!!

Anyhow…

Kotonoha-Monkey Pirate has finally put out a complete scanlation of Satoshi Kon’s masterpiece ‘Return to the Sea’. The translation is by Megchan E Beanie and the Lettering is by Nomad Soul.

(NO SPOILERS AHEAD)

Kaikisen’s main story revolves around a creature of Japanese folklore – the mermaid and her egg. The story tells of a pact between a small fishing village and a mermaid to guard her egg for 60 years and then return it to the sea. In exchange the mermaid promises calm weather and abundant fishing for the people of the town. Yosuke is the grandson of the town’s chief priest who tends to the egg. Yosuke’s father is looking to bring about changes to the town with the developer Ozaki.

My first encounter with mermaids in horror manga was a copy of Mermaid Forest by Rumiko Takahashi. I’ve been chasing after more horror manga with mermaids since then but haven’t had much luck until this gem. Kaikisen is not mere cryptozoology or a serialised twist-in the tale horror story but horror in the vein of Domu (Katshuhiro Otomo) sharing several similarities with Otomo’s classic. It takes place in a single space – in this case, a sea side with an island off it’s coast – events that can’t be explained rationally and a battle of wills between Yozuke and the developer Ozaki.

Here’s the link for the scanlation.

MANGA SPUNK – HISTORIE IN THE AFTERNOON!!

At 19 I was engrossed in Nigel Tranter’s superb novellas on different Scottish personalities and heroes – Robert the Bruce, the Black Douglas, the Earl of Grey, James Graham, William Wallace. Nigel Tranter had an unusual style of combining historical facts with great characterization and the hallmark of his books was a heroic standard that made them one of the most compelling reads in my life. Hitoshi Iwaaki and Makoto Yumimura continue this tradition with Historie and Vinland Saga respectively. Both are published by the monthly seinen magazine ‘Afternoon’

SANDOW THE GREAT

Eugene Sandow, noted strongman, physical enthusiast and philanderer (yeah I don’t meant philanthropist) – the man was a legend in his time and his influence in popularising modern physical culture is felt till date. The wiki entry on him pretty much covers his life in brief and Google Books has several of his manuals available for viewing in parts.

Sandow was noted for modeling his body after what he called ‘The Grecian Ideal’ based on the proportions he had measured from classical Greek sculptures – and as you can see from this photo on his wikentry – he would strike poses similar to these sculptures to prove his point…

[As an aside anyone remember Asterix and the Laurel Wreath when Asterix strikes the slave who’s striking several striking poses in allusion to classical Greek sculptures at the ‘House of Typhus’?]

BARACK OBAMA – THE MAN, THE COMIC LEGEND

Well really!! I’ve noticed a lot of comics out there with Barack Obama in them as a title character – Barack the Barbarian, President Evil (just out), Drafted – The First 100 Days and as a minor character in Chuck (from Wildstorm) and several Marvel comics – Thunderbolts, Captain America and Amazing Spider-Man – any one know any more?.

The man gets a lot of love and respect…

—– unlike the former president. Anyone remember Ultimate X-Men #6 where Dubya is about to have a car dropped on him or the cover to Black Summer #0….

I remember there were some comics on Mao that I read years ago. I’ve long since lost them.. Richard Nixon had new holes torn in him by Mad in the 60s and 70s.

A BOOK I’M LOOKING FOR

The Monkey King – When I was in school in Mt. Abu, several of my classmates went to Himachal on a school trip during the Parent’s Week vacation. My classmate John Noronha returned with 3 books on the Monkey King. They were not comics, they were illustrated novels, with the story on one page and an illustration on the other page. I remember reading them again and again. When John and I met after 12 years, we were talking about books and John mentioned that he wished he could find a book he had back in school, to which I interjected – ‘Monkey King’.. the thought of the book brought two big smiles to our faces!! I went to Simla later that year and went through different book stores looking for the book but to no avail. I have also tried looking online for it but have not found a single book that fits the description.

Here’s what I remember again about the book in brief
1) The title character was the MONKEY KING (the Chinese one)
2) The book was an illustrated novel, NOT A COMIC.
3) It was about 8-9″ wide by 11-12 inches high.
4) It was in full colour.
5) The art of the Samurai Jack series reminded me of the art of the books.

THE CULTURAL VEIN – THIS ROAD LEADS TO/CAME FROM——

A comic is a book; a book is not necessarily a comic. A lot of people assume that someone who reads comics only read comics, or genre fiction. It’s a partly correct assumption since I know a lot of comic fiends who read Star Wars and Star Trek novels, but several of them are very astute readers. I was introduced to Murkami by Jay, one of my favourite fiends and Aditya (Bidkar) is a timeless source for recommendations of new books on his blog. As far as sharing culture goes, comic fiends are the most rabid – they imbibe it, engorge themselves on it – if the culture is referenced in the comics they read, they will go out and find it. Some comics that led me towards music were – Watchmen (Bob Dylan and John Cale of Velvet Underground), Sandman (Talking Heads), Tales from the Starlight Drive-In (Phil Ochs). The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen and Watchmen led me to hunt down songs from the Three-Penny Opera, which in turn led me to Nina Simone.

Some other comics and the novels, authors and movies they led me to include
American Flagg – Philip Dick
Planetary – Carlos Castenada, Richard P. Feyman
League of Extra-Ordinary Gentlmen – Ashenden the British Agent by Somerset Maugham
Gravel – Carnacki the Ghostfinder by William Hope Hodgson
Criminal – Night and the City directed by Jules Dassin

I cannot recall any cases where the reverse is true —– where I enjoyed a comic series because it was in the vein of or referenced a book, movie or music that I liked. I can probably think of a few, but I can’t remember off-hand.

I always like to find the source. Recently when reading Ellis’s Crooked Vein, it struck me how much it felt like ‘Naked Lunch’, by Bill Burroughs. I am a sucker for Burroughs work and recently met a contemporary of Burroughs who told me that when he wrote Burroughs about his wife’s death, Burroughs wrote back to say that there must have been a part of him that wanted to shoot her. Some of Ellis’s work feels derived or owing a large debt towards other books – Transmetropolitan (Hunter Thompson’s work particularly a book I read a bit of in Landmark – On the Campaign Trail ‘72) and Desolation Jones (The Big Sleep).

Ian Rankin was in town (Mumbai) as part of some Litfest by the British Council library – The first book that I had the good fortune to read was not his Rebus series but the Hellblazer novel, Dark Entries.

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Halftones and its importance in comics printing.

This is a very very important topic for comics creators, but very little attention is paid to it. Comics, as we all know, are created basically for print. It does not exist as original pieces of art. Webcomics are an exception, but who would not want to republish webcomics in book form? So, basically, comics come to life mainly in printed form. The choice of printing technology is crucial in fixing the cost of a comic book, or comic magazine. This fact is generally given little importance to by comics artists/authors. Paying attention to printing technology can greatly help in developing comics aesthetics.

Offset lithography is the most commonly used printing method for books, including comic books. In offset printing, the method used to transfer images onto paper involves the conversion of a continuous tone image into ‘halftones’. Check out the Wikipedia entry for Halftone. A photograph is a continuous tone image. For it to be printed, the image is screened in a process whereby the same image is recreated in a grid pattern of dots. In colour halftoning, the dots are in 4 different colours (CMYK). For the purposes of this article, I am going to focus on black & white halftones. The reason for this will be apparent soon enough. In black & white haftones, grey-scale is replicated through the size of the black dots. The bigger the dots, the darker the gray.

Black & white offset lithography is the cheapest method of printing available for large quantities of books, magazines or newspapers. No wonder that the Japanese comics publishers chose black & white. In Japan, manga magazines are published in the lowest possible quality. Below is a photograph of a double page spread of a manga magazine. The print quality is exactly what you see here. (and yes, it is pink coloured paper :) ) It is this quality that all the great and not-so-great Japanese comics go through before some are chosen for re-release in collected edition books in fine printing.

manga_magazine_page

The manga books that we get in India, translated in English, is in higher quality offset. It is because manga magazines are printed in cheap offset that manga authors drawing their comics on paper use ’screentone’ to create greys. Screentones are transparent sheets with adhesive on one side, on the other side of which are printed halftone patterns. Screentones are readymade halftone patterns. Using screentone saves time and money in printing because then there wont be continuous greys to convert into halftone. ONLY black is printed, that is, one-colour printing. This is the technical reason that 500 page manga magazines can be produced on a weekly basis, and very very cheaply. A 500 page weekly manga magazine like ‘Weekly Jump’, costs 240 Japanese Yen which is today about 125 Indian Rupees!!!! Cheaper than any comic available in India today, and containing about 10-15 serialized stories!

Coming now to our COMIX.INDIA magazine, this is being printed digitally as of now. In digital printing, the advantage is that short print runs, or even a single copy can be made with ease. It is this technological advantage that we are using for COMIX.INDIA, even though the cost of digital printing is higher than offset. In digital printing, the same halftone technique is used to print images, just as in offset. Digital printing in black & white is way cheaper than digital printing in colour, but still more expensive than offset printing in black & white.

Right now, grey-scale is allowed for comics authors submitting their work to COMIX.INDIA. But in the distant future, if COMIX.INDIA manages to go ‘pro’ and we want to print it as a regular monthly or bi-monthly print magazine, then we would go for cheap black and white offset printing, which means grey-scale is out. So in such a case, comics authors must prepare their digital image files in halftones. What this means is, all the greys in the image must be converted into halftones. Of course, an in-house graphic designer could do this, but it will be a time consuming thing, and its better that comic authors know exactly how their images will be printed on paper. Both Photoshop and Gimp softwares have methods to create halftones. Here are some tutorials I found on the Internet that tell you how to do them.

– Halftone effect in Gimp 01 (DeviantART tutorial)

–Halftone effect in Gimp 02 (DeviantART tutorial)

–Halftone effect in Photoshop 01- how to change colour photo into halftone b&w image

–Halftone effect in Photoshop 02 – a good intro to haftones

–Another Photoshop tutorial

–List of Photoshop halftone effects tutorials

OK. End of post.

Happy halftoning!

Editor.

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